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OPTIMAL GERMINATION CHART
The chart below shows the effect of soil temperature on sown seeds showing the percentage of vegetable seedlings germinated and the days to emergence at different soil temperatures.
The percentage of any seeds to germinate is maximum at the optimal temperature for that species. While the percentage of seeds to germinate decreases, the number of days to germination increases. For every species of seed, there is an optimal soil temperature for germination, At that optimal temperature, the maximum number of seeds will germinate and in less time than at any other temperature.
Percentage of Normal Vegetable Seedlings
Produced at
Different Temperatures
Numbers in ( ) are the days to seedling emergence. () in ITALIC is optimal soil temperatures
| Crops | 32ºF | 41ºF | 50ºF | 59ºF | 68ºF | 77ºF | 86ºF | 95ºF | 104ºF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asparagus | 0 | 0 | 61(53) | 80(24) | 88(15) | 95(10) | 79(12) | 37(19) | 0 |
| Beans, lima | 0 | 0 | 1 | 52(31) | 82(18) | 90(7) | 88(7) | 2 | 0 |
| Beans, snap | 0 | 0 | 1 | 97(16) | 90(11) | 97(8) | 47(6) | 39(6) | 0 |
| Beets | 0 | 53(42) | 72(17) | 88(10) | 90(6) | 97(5) | 89(5) | 35(5) | 0 |
| Broccoli Brussel Sprouts Cabbage |
0 | 27 | 78(15) | 93(9) | 0(6) | 65-75(5) 68-75(5) 99(5) |
0(4) | 0 | 0 |
| Carrots | 0 | 48(51) | 93(17) | 95(10) | 96(7) | 96(6) | 95(6) | 74(9) | 0 |
Cantaloupe Carrot Cauliflower |
0 |
0 |
58(20) |
60(10) |
60(6) |
(80-85)(5) 63(5) |
45(5) |
0 |
0 |
| Celery | 0 | 72(41) | 70(16) | 40(12) | 97(7) | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Collard Corn Cucumber |
0 |
0 |
0 |
95(13) |
99(6) |
75-85(10) 99(4) |
99(3) |
99(3) |
49(3) |
| Eggplant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21(13) | 53(8) | 60(5) | 0 | 0 |
| Endive Kale Kohlrabi Lettuce |
98(49) |
98(15) |
98(7) |
99(4) |
99(3) |
99(2) |
12(3) |
0 |
0 |
| Muskmelon Mustard Greens |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38(8) | 94(4) | 90(3) | 0 | 0 |
| Okra | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74(27) | 89(17) | 92(13) | 88(7) | 85(6) | 35(7) |
| Onions Onions |
90(136) |
98(31) |
98(13) |
98(7) |
99(5) |
97(4) |
91(4) |
73(13) |
2 |
| Parsley | 0 | 0 | 63(29) | 70(17) | 69(14) | 64(13) | 50(12) | 0 | 0 |
| Parsnips | 82(172) | 87(57) | 79(27) | 85(19) | 89(14) | 77(15) | 51(32) | 1 | 0 |
| Peas | 0 | 89(36) | 94(14) | 93(9) | 93(8) | 94(6) | 86(6) | 0 | 0 |
| Peppers | 0 | 0 | 1 | 70(25) | 96(13) | 98(8) | 95(8) | 70(9) | 0 |
| Pumpkin Radish |
0 |
42(29) |
76(11) |
97(6) |
95(4) |
97(4) |
95(3) |
0 |
0 |
| Rutabaga Spinach New Zealand Spinach |
83(63) | 96(23) | 91(12) | 82(7) | 52(6) | 28(5) | 32(6) | 0 | 0 |
| Sweet Corn Swiss Chard |
0 | 0 | 47(22) | 97(12) | 97(7) | 98(4) | 91(4) | 88(3) | 10 |
| Tomatoes | 0 | 0 | 82(43) | 98(14) | 98(8) | 97(6) | 83(6) | 46(9) | 0 |
| Turnips | 1 | 14 | 79(5) | 98(3) | 99(2) | 100(1) | 99(1) | 99(1) | 88(3) |
| Watermelon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 94(12) | 90(5) | 92(4) | 96(3) | 0 |
